Romans 8:9-11 (ESV) 9 You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. Anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him. 10 But if Christ is in you, although the body is dead because of sin, the Spirit is life because of righteousness. 11 If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you. Background The letter of Paul to the Romans is one of the most theologically profound and comprehensive writings in the New Testament. Written to a church composed of both Jewish and Gentile believers, Paul addresses the universal need for salvation, emphasizing that all humanity—both Jew and Gentile—has fallen short of God’s glory by emphasizing that "all have sinned" (3:23), Paul dismantles any notion of ethnic or moral superiority, uniting Jew and Gentile under the gosp...